Description. Here is a simple yet powerful circuit that can be used for flashing 12V lamps especially that is used on automobiles.The flashing circuit is based on transistor Q1(BC557) and MOSFET Q2 (IRF530) where the Q2 provides the necessary drive for the lamp.Any number of bulbs can be flashed using this circuit provided that the […]
Description. Here is a simple circuit based on two transistors that can be used to control the speed of a 12 V DC fan depending on the temperature.A thermistor (R1) is used to sense the temperature. When the temperature increases the base current of Q1 (BC 547) increases which in turn decreases the collector voltage
Description. This timer circuit can be used to switch OFF a particular device after around 35 minutes. The circuit can be used to switch OFF devices like radio, TV, fan, pump etc after a preset time of 35 minutes. Such a circuit can surely save a lot of power. The circuit is based on quad
 Description. Here is a simple circuit that can be used to pulse an LED or a low power filament lamp. The effect is such that the LED lights up from OFF state gradually and then dims gradually. Such a circuit is very useful in decoration purposes. The circuit is nothing but a triangular wave generator
Description. The circuit given below shows a negative reference voltage supply.The reference voltage can be set to precise values by R2. The circuit operates in the same manner as the positive reference voltage supply circuit shown previously.The circuit is nothing but an inverting DC amplifier based on IC uA741.The circuit operates on a negative power
Description. The circuit given below is a variable positive voltage reference supply.The reference voltage can be set to precise values by R2.Basically the circuit is a DC amplifier based on op-amp uA 741.The negative feedback is given via the zener diode. Circuit diagram with Parts list. Notes. Assemble the circuit on a good quality PCb
AIM To add two 8 bit numbers using 8085 microprocessor PROGRAM MV1 C,00 LDA 4200 MOV B,A LDA 4201 ADD B JNC LABEL1 INRC LABEL1:STA 4202 MOV A,C STA 4203 HLT SAMPLE OUTPUT ADDRESS DATA INPUT/OUTPUT 4200 15 Input 4201 27 Input 4202 3C Output(sum) 4203 00 Output(carry) RESULT A program to add two 8
                                             In our experiments we used Micro 85 EB trainer kit from Vi Micro systems. The steps involved in doing programs in trainer kit are summarized below.  1.Write the program 2.Prepare the hex code of the program 3.Enter the hex code to trainer kit in suitable locations(eg:From 4100 H) 4.Give sufficient data for
AIM To design and setup a UJT relaxation oscillator. COMPONENTS AND EQUIPMENTS NEEDED 1. UJT (2N2446) 2. Resistors 3. Capacitor 4. CRO 4. DC power supply CIRCUIT DIAGRAM DESIGN Take Vp= 10 V and f =1 KHZ Vp= η VBB+ Vd (Vd can be neglected) VBB=15V (Assume η = 0.62) From data sheet valley point
AIM  To plot the characteristics of UJT (2N 2446) and to determine the intrinsic stand off ratio from the graph.  COMPONENTS AND EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED  1. UJT 2. Resistors 3. Voltmeter 4. Ammeter 5. Rheostat 6. Power supply  CIRCUIT DIAGRAM                                                                                                                           EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT OF UJT   THEORY        UJT is
AIM   To plot the characteristics of BC 107 transistor and to find 1. Dynamic input resistance 2. Dynamic output resistance 3. Common emitter current gain  COMPONENTS AND EQUIPMENTS NEEDED  1. Transistor 2. Variable power supplies 3. Resistors 4. Voltmeters 5. Ammeters  CIRCUIT DIAGRAM THEORY          A transistor is a 3 terminal
AIM To design and setup an RC integrator and differentiator circuits  COMPONENTS AND EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED 1. Capacitors 2. Resistors 3. Signal generator 4. CRO  CIRCUIT DIAGRAM AND DESIGN 1.     DIFFERENTIATOR WITH INPUT FREQUENCY 1 KHZ Input voltage is 20 v pp. DESIGN  RC<0.0016T; Take R= 5.6 K (To avoid the loading
AIM To design and set up a voltage regulator using Zener diode COMPONENTS AND EQUIPMENTS 1. Bridge rectifier circuit 2. Zener diode (6.2 volt) 3. Resistors 4. Capacitors 5. Voltmeter 6. Ammeter 7. Rheostat CIRCUIT DIAGRAM DESIGN To get a 5.6 V as output, select SZ 5.6 as Zener diode .Take load current as
AIM To realize various clamping circuits using diodes and capacitors  COMPONENTS AND EQUIPMENTS  1. Diode 2. Capacitor 3. DC power supply 4. CRO  CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS AND TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS  1.     NEGATIVE CLAMPER WITH 0.7 VOLTS  2.     POSITIVE CLAMPER WITH LEVEL – 0.7 VOLTS 3.     POSITIVE CLAMPER WITH LEVEL -5 V 4.    Â
AIM To set the diode clipping circuits  COMPONENTS AND EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED 1. Diodes 2. Resistors 3. DC sources 4. Signal generator 5. CRO  CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS  1.     POSITIVE CLIPPER AT 0.6V TRANSFER CHARECTERISTICS 2.     NEGETIVE CLIPPER AT -0.6 VOLTS   TRANSFER CHARECTERISTICS    3.     POSITIVE CLIPPER AT 3 V Â
AIM To implement the half wave rectifier and full wave rectifier using 1N 4007 diode COMPONENTS AND EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED 1. Diodes 2. Centre tap transformer 3. Resistors 4. CRO CIRCUIT DIAGRAM HALF WAVE RECTIFIER FULL WAVE CENTRE TAP RECIFIER FULL WAVE BRIDGE RECTIFIER WAVEFORMS HALF WAVE RECTIFIER WITHOUT CAPACITOR FILTER WITH CAPACITOR FILTER FULL WAVE
AIM  To plot the reverse characteristics of zener diode and to find the breakdown voltage  COMPONENTS AND EQUIPMENTS NEEDED  1. 6.2 V zener diode 2. Resistors 3. Variable dc power supply 4. Voltmeter 5. Ammeter  CIRCUIT DIAGRAM  THEORY                 Zener diode is a P-N junction diode specially designed to operate
AIM To plot the characteristics of a pn diode and to find its the cut in voltage and the dynamic resistance. COMPONENTS AND EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED 1. DC supply 2. Diodes 3. Voltmeter 4. Ammeter 5. Rheostat CIRCUIT DIAGRAM THEORY A diode is the basic electronic component. It’s property is
Description. A high impedance DC voltmeter using a uA741 IC is shown here. The operational amplifier is used as a non-inverting DC amplifier in which the negative feedback is through a DC meter requiring 1mA for full scale deflection. Since R6 is 100 Ohms, the meter will show full scale reading when the DC input
Description. The dark detector circuit shown here can be used to produce an audible alarm when the light inside a room goes OFF. The circuit is build around timer IC NE555. A general purpose LDR is used for sensing the light. When proper light is falling on the LDR its resistance is very low. When
Description. This circuit can be used to identify whether there is a clipping in a particular wave form. Clipping is a phenomenon in which the amplitude of a particular waveform drops before it reaches the expected limit. This circuit glows an LED as an indication if the signal under test has clipping. The circuit is
Description. Here is a simple circuit based on IC uA 741 that can be used to pickup voice from telephone lines without even contacting the line. If a high impedance magnetic core is placed near a telephone instrument or near one of the telephone wires, it picks up inductively both sides of the telephonic conversation
Description. In application level this circuit is similar to that of the circuit given previously. The only difference is in the approach. This circuit is designed by using another method. Using this circuit you can toggle any electrical appliance between ON and OFF states by using your TV remote. The only requirement is that your
Description. Here is a simple circuit that will produce a musical horn when ever your car is in reverse gear.The circuit uses two ICs for the operation, voltage regulator 7805(IC1) and musical tone generator UM66(IC2). The IC1 reduces the car battery voltage to 5V. The diodes D1 & D2 in combination produces an additional drop
Description. When ever you need to get an alarm or intimation after ten minutes ,the circuit shown below can be used.The circuit is nothing but a monostable multivibrator based on IC NE 555.When ever you press the reset push button the green LED D1 glows after 10 minutes. Circuit diagram with Parts list. Notes. Assemble
