Description.

Many fire alarm circuits are presented here,but this time a new circuit using a thermistor and a timer to do the trick. The circuit is as simple and straight forward so that , it can be easily implemented.The thermistor offers a low resistance at high temperature and high resistance at low temperature. This phenomenon is employed here for sensing the fire.

The IC1 (NE555) is configured as a free running oscillator at audio frequency. The transistors T1 and T2 drive IC1. The output(pin 3) of IC1 is couples to base of transistor T3(SL100), which drives the speaker to generate alarm sound. The frequency of NE555 depends on the values of resistances R5 and R6 and capacitance C2.When thermistor becomes hot, it gives a low-resistance path for the positive voltage to the base of transistor T1 through diode D1 and resistance R2. Capacitor C1 charges up to the positive supply voltage and increases the the time for which the alarm is ON. The larger the value of C1, the larger the positive bias applied to the base of transistor T1 (BC548). As the collector of T1 is coupled to the base of transistor T2, the transistor T2 provides a positive voltage to pin 4 (reset) of IC1 (NE555). Resistor R4 is selected s0 that NE555 keeps inactive in the absence of the positive voltage. Diode D1 stops discharging of capacitor C1 when the thermistor is in connection with the positive supply voltage cools out and provides a high resistance path. It also inhibits the forward biasing of transistor T1.

Circuit diagram with Parts list.

Notes.

• The circuit can be powered from a 6V battery or a 6V power supply.
• Click Here ! for the circuit diagram of a power supply circuit for this project.
• The thermistor can be mounted on a heat resistant material like mica to prevent it from damage due to excessive heat.
• The LED acts as an indication when the power supply is switched ON.

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Low cost Fire alarm

Description.

Here is a simple fire alarm circuit based on a LDR and lamp pair for sensing the fire.The alarm works by sensing the smoke produced during fire.The circuit produces an audible alarm when the fire breaks out with smoke.

When there is no smoke the light from the bulb will be directly falling on the LDR.The LDR resistance will be low  and so the voltage across it (below .6V).The transistor will be OFF and nothing happens.When there is sufficient smoke to mask the light from falling on LDR, the LDR resistance increases and so do the voltage across it.Now the transistor will switch to ON.This gives power to the IC1 and it outputs 5V.This powers the tone generator IC UM66 (IC2)  to play a music.This music will be amplified by IC3 (TDA 2002) to drive the speaker.

The diode D1 and D2 in combination drops 1.4 V to give the rated voltage (3.5V ) to UM66 .UM 66 cannot withstand more than 4V.
Circuit diagram with Parts list.

Notes. 

• The speaker can be a 8Ω tweeter.
•  POT R4 can be used to adjust the sensitivity of the alarm.
• POT R3 can be used for varying the volume of the alarm.
• Any general purpose NPN transistor(like BC548,BC148,2N222) can be used for Q1.
• The circuit can be powered from a 9V battery or a 9V DC power supply.
• Instead of bulb you can use a bright LED with a 1K resistor series to it.

Description.

When there is a fire breakout in the room the temperature increases.This ultra compact and low cost fire alarm senses fire breakout based on this fact.

Transistor BC177 (Q1) is used as the fire sensor here.When the temperature increases the leakage current of this transistor also increases.The circuit is designed so that when there is an increase in the leakage current of Q1 ,transistor Q2 will get biased.As a result when there is a fire breakout the transistor Q2 will be on.The emitter of Q2 (BC 108)is connected to the base of Q3(AC 128).So when Q2 is ON Q3 will be also ON.The transistor Q3 drives the relay which is used to drive the load ie,light,bell,horn etc as an indication of the fire.The diode D1 is used as a free wheeling diode to protect it from back EMF generated when relay is switched.

Circuit diagram with Parts list.

Notes.

• The Preset R1 can be used to desired temperature level for setting the alarm ON.
• This is not a latching alarm,ie;when the temperature in the vicinity of the sensor decreases below the set point the alarm stops.
• The circuit can be powered using  a 9V battery or a 9V battery eliminator.
• All capacitors are electrolytic and must be rated at least 10V.
• The load can be connected through the C,NC,NO points of the relay according to your need.
• The calibration can be done using a soldering iron,and a thermo meter.Switch ON the power supply.Keep the tip of soldering iron near to the Q1.Same time also keep the thermometer close to it.When the temperature reaches your desired value adjust R1 so that relay gets ON.Done!