Electronic Circuits and Diagram-Electronics Projects and Design

Out of many semiconductor controlled devices, MCT is considered to be the latest. The device is basically a thyristor with two MOSFET’s built into the gate structure. A MOSFET is used for turning ON the MCT and another one is used for turning it OFF. The device is mostly used for switching applications and has other characteristics like high frequency, high power, and low conduction drop and so on. An MCT combines the feature of both conventional four layer thyristor having regenerative action and MOS- gate structure. In this device, all the gate signals are applied with respect to anode,…

Most of the electronic circuits used in Circuitstoday.com have different applications of the transformer. Therefore, it is important to know the working principle, construction and types of transformers used in different analog circuits. Transformer – Working Principle A transformer can be defined as a static device which helps in the transformation of electric power in one circuit to electric power of the same frequency in another circuit. The voltage can be raised or lowered in a circuit, but with a proportional increase or decrease in the current ratings. The main principle of operation of a transformer is mutual inductance between…

I hope you all might have gone through the PIC (Peripheral Interface Controller) tutorial developed by our contributor. This post is aimed to organize the tutorial in order (which is created as individual articles), so that all our readers can access the tutorial easily and efficiently. We have arranged the PIC tutorial  in order from start to end below. Please go through our tutorial and feel free to ask your doubts in comments section.   Chapter 1:  Introduction to PIC  - As you may know already, PIC is the name of micro-controllers developed by Microchip corporation. PIC is the acronym for Peripheral Interface…

When audio signals are transmitted over thousands of kilometres through radio transmission, the audio frequencies that lie within the frequency range of 15 Hertz to 20 KiloHertz has very small signal power and thus cannot be transmitted via antenna for communication purposes. The radiation of electrical energy is only possible at frequencies above 20 KiloHertz. The main advantage of high frequency signals is that they can be transmitted over very long distances by dissipating very small power. Thus, the audio signals must be sent along with the high frequency signals for communication. This can be done by superimposing electrical audio…

A PCB is used to connect electronic components electrically. This is done by making conductive path ways for circuit connections by etching tracks from copper sheet laminated onto a non-conductive substrate. A PCB consists of a conducting layer that is made up of thin copper foil. The insulating layer di-electric is laminated together with epoxy resin prepreg. The most commonly used PCB type is the FR-4. Boards may be single sided or double sided. Double sided PCB can be used to connect electronic components on both sides through through-hole plating. This is done by copper plating the walls of each…

Terahertz transistors are the new generation semiconductor transistors developed by Intel Corporation. The researchers in Intel had developed a new transistor structure that maintains Moore’s law and would lead them into the discovery of these high speed new generation transistors. The terahertz transistor basically has higher speed (in GHz), High power efficiency, and high heat reduction capacity. These transistors have a fast switching rate of more than trillion times per sec. They also have the capability to perform 50 to 100 times faster than normal traditional transistors. The first terahertz transistor was only capable for handling 3GHz. But the latest…

Thin film solar cells are the new generation solar cells that contain multiple thin film layers of photo voltaic materials. The thin film solar cells (TFSC) are also known as Thin Film Photo Voltaic cell (TFPV). The thicknesses of thin film layers are very less as (few nano meters) compared to traditional P-N junction solar cells. According to the type of photo voltaic material used, the thin film solar cells are classified into four types. They are 1) Amorphous silicon (a-Si) and other thin-film silicon (TF-Si) 2) Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) 3) Copper indium gallium deselenide (CIS or CIGS) 4) Dye-sensitized…

Metal Oxide Varistor (MOV) Basics of Varistor A varistor/voltage dependent resistor (VDR) is a component which has a voltage – current characteristics that is very much similar to that of a diode. This component is used to protect electrical devices from high transient voltages. They are planted in the devices in such a manner that it will short itself when a high current is produced due to the high voltage. Thus the current dependent components in the device will remain safe from the sudden surge. I have already explained in detail the working and applications of a variable resistor [varistor]….

Working of  SWR Meters This article focuses on the concept of Standing Wave Ratio, its measurement using SWR meters, directional swr meter, Voltage Standing wave ratio (vswr), Swr bridge circuit, applications and problems with an SWR meter. SWR Meter IMAGE SOURCE SWR meters are used to measure and denote the standing wave ratio in a communication line. That is, the meter will denote the exact mismatch between the transmission line and the load, thus helping to know the degree of effectiveness of the impedance matching efforts. Standing Wave Ratio To know more about SWR Meter, it is necessary that you…

What is a Smart Antenna? Smart Antennas, also known as multiple antennas, adaptive array antennas, and so on is used to increase the efficiency in digital wireless communication systems. It works by taking the advantage of the diversity effect at the transceiver of the wireless system that is the source and the destination. The term diversity effect refers to the transmission and reception of multiple radio frequencies that are used to decrease the error during data communication and also to increase data speed between the source and the destination. This type of technology has already found its significance in most…