Electronic Circuits and Diagram-Electronics Projects and Design

GSM. In various countries the frequency bandwidths specified for the GSM services are GSM-400, GSM-800, GSM-900, GSM-1800 and GSM-R.The GSM-900 and the GSM-1800 are the most widely used frequency bandwidths in different parts of the globe. The GSM-900 has a down link frequency range of 935-960 MHz and an up link frequency of range of 895-915 MHz. This frequency band is partitioned into 124 pairs of simplex channels with separation of 200KHz.A particular range of simplex channels is given to a particular network provider. The type of interface used in GSM is digital air interface.The analogue voice signals are converted…

PWM Inverters. Now a days most of the inverters available in the market utilizes the PWM(Pulse Width Modulation) technology.The inverters based on PWM technology are superior in many factors compared to other inverters designed using conventional technologies. The PWM based inverters generally use MOSFETs in the output switching stage.In such cases the inverters are generally termed as PWM MOSFET inverters.The inverters based on PWM technology has a lot of protection and control circuits compared to the traditional inverters. —————————————————————————————-   What is PWM technology? & Why PWM is used?. PWM or Pulse width Modulation is used to keep the output…

Inverter. An inverter is used to produce an un-interrupted 220V AC or 110V AC (depending on the line voltage of the particular country) supply to the device connected as the load at the output socket.The inverter gives constant AC voltage at its output socket when the AC mains power supply is not available. Lets look how the inverter makes this possible.To grasp the functioning of an inverter,we should consider in the following situations. When the AC mains power supply is available. when the AC mains power supply is not available. When the AC mains power supply is available. When the…

Op -Amp. An operational amplifier, often referred as an op-amp, is a very high gain performance amplifier designed to amplify ac and dc voltage voltages. Modern IC technology and large scale production techniques have brought down the prices of such amplify within reach of all amateurs, experimenters and hobbyists. The op-amp is now used as a basic gain element, like an elegant transistor, in electronic circuits. A symbol used to represent an op-amp in schematics is shown. The op-amp has two inputs and only one output. One input is called the inverting input and is denoted by a minus sign….

VOIP – Voice Over Internet Protocol VIOP (Voice over Internet Protocol) is a protocol used for the transmitting voice through the Internet or other packet switched networks. VoIP is often used to refer to the transmission of voice . VoIP is also known as , Internet telephony, , Broadband Phone. VOIP is pronounced as voyp. Companies providing VoIP service are commonly referred to as providers, and protocols which are used to carry voice over the network are commonly referred to as VoIP protocols. They may be viewed as commercial realizations of the experimental Network Voice Protocol implemented in 1973 for…