Electronic Circuits and Diagram-Electronics Projects and Design

It is a general notion that people try to classify programming languages as either “compiled” language or “interpreted” language. Even experienced programmers tend to get confused here! But the fact is, programming languages are neither “compiled” nor “interpreted” types. They can be both at the same time. Compiling or interpreting -both are 2 different ways of implementing the same program written using a programming language. A program written in C language can either be compiled or can be interpreted. Same is the case with Java or any other programming languages. The only requirement is, we need a C or Java…

This article teaches you how to add 32K external crystal source to  AVR micro controller (Atmega8 ) with circuit diagram & C program. Introduction Timing-is one of the basic function, performed by the micro controllers. Every microcontroller has at least one timer/counter module in its architecture.  However if the counter is clocked internally a few issues may arise in some cases. Sometimes the clock frequency may not stable, or sometimes the clock frequency may be too high than necessary. Sometimes external clock is required to have the required quality. To solve these problems, some AVR micro controllers comes up with…

There is no one in this world who is born as a programmer To write efficient programs using any languages you have to learn it by doing! You have to write as many different programs using as many different algorithms. You have to break codes, make errors, debug errors and sometimes you have to approach the same problem using 2 or 3 different logics. To learn “C language” efficiently, you must write a lot of different C programs using the concepts of C language. To do this you need a good compiler for C language setup on your computer. Turbo…

There are many compilers available for C language for different platforms, of which Turbo C is the one used commonly for Windows operating systems. You may all know that Turbo C/C++ is a 16 bit compiler which was originally developed for Windows versions up to XP. Nowadays most people uses latest versions of Windows like Vista and Windows 7. The primary reason behind this shift in usage of operating systems is “stability”! Windows XP is an unstable operating system where as Windows 7 is much better and can be considered as a stable operating system (when used for personal computing…

Our world relies upon Communication. In today’s world, we can make almost anything communicate with everything! How about communication between a PC and a microcontroller (PIC)? Now, before making a PC and a PIC talk, if you are not sure about USART module and LCD, here are some good articles about them to just refresh: 1. PIC USART module – CT 2. A note on character LCD displays – CT In layman terms, a USART module in a PIC is like our voice box. Without the USART module, the controller will be in a mute state.What actually we are gonna…

Introduction                 Every digital device that is driven by a CPU core processes some sort of digital information. Not all of them are digital data. In fact, major portion of them are some kind of instruction to the CPU. As we all know, they are patterns of zeros and ones. In groups, those zeros and ones are called as nibbles (a group of 4), bytes (A group of 8), half word (group of 16) and word (group of 32). Every microcontroller comes with an inbuilt memory. They store instruction and data. When their CPU runs, they fetch the code from…

This article shows how to interface a DC motor to an 8051 microcontroller. Interfacing DC motor to 8051 forms an essential part in designing embedded robotic projects. A well designed 8051-DC motor  system  has essentially two parts. Firstly an 8051 with the required software to control the motor and secondly a suitable driver circuit. Most of the DC motors have  power requirements well out of the reach of a microcontroller and more over the voltage spikes produced while reversing the direction of rotation could easily damage the microcontroller. So it is not wise to connect a DC motor directly to the…

We are into third chapter of C programming in which we will discuss operators, operands, expressions and escape sequences. I assume that you have already gone through Chapter 1 – Data Types in C and Chapter 2 – Variables and Keywords in C. Operator – An operator is usually a symbolic representation of a particular operation. Ex:- +  means addition * means multiplication etc. Operand – An operand is usually the data upon which the operator performs an action. Ex:- c=a+b;  Here c, a, b are operands; where as + and = are 2 different operators.Operands can be constants or…

In this chapter, I would like to explain variables and keywords in C language. I hope you have already gone through Chapter 1 – Data Types and Constants in C. Image Courtesy Variables A variable can be defined in many ways. At the basic level, a variable can be defined as a memory location declared to store any kind of data (which may change many times during program execution). It can also be defined as any quantity/entity which may vary during program execution. To identify a variable (the declared memory location), it can be assigned a name – known as…

A Note about 7 segment LED display. This article is about how to interface a seven segment LED display to an 8051 microcontroller. 7 segment LED display is  very popular and it can display digits from 0 to 9 and quite a few characters like A, b, C, ., H, E, e, F, n, o,t,u,y, etc. Knowledge about how to interface a seven segment display to a micro controller is very essential in designing embedded systems. A seven segment display consists of seven LEDs arranged in the form of a squarish ’8′ slightly inclined to the right and a single…