7 segment display. Seven segment display is a device that can display decimal numbers and are widely used in electronic clocks, electronic meters, digital display panels and a…
In this article, learn about Ripple carry adder by learning the circuit. A ripple carry adder is an important digital electronics concept, essential in designing digital circuits. Ripple…
Cascode amplifier is a two stage circuit consisting of a transconductance amplifier followed by a buffer amplifier. The word “cascode” was originated from the phrase “cascade to cathode”.…
Log amplifier. Log amplifier is a linear circuit in which the output voltage will be a constant times the natural logarithm of the input. The basic output equation…
ICL 8038 waveform generator. ICL8038 is a monolithic waveform generator IC that can produce sine, square and triangular waveforms with very little distortion. The frequency can be programmed…
LM4910 stereo headphone amplifier. LM4910 belonging to the Boomer series of National Semiconductors is an integrated stereo amplifier primarily intended for stereo headphone applications. The IC can be operated…
Everyone is a newbie when they first start. In electronics, one of the best and satisfying things to create is an FM transmitter. This is maybe just me but…
NE567 tone decoder / PLL IC. NE567 is a tone decoder IC from Philips. The IC has a built in PLL circuit with AM lock detection and an…
Floating regulator. Floating regulator is a type of voltage regulator that works without a real ground connection. This is a trick used for regulating voltages higher than the…
PLL FM demodulator. A simple PLL FM demodulator circuit using IC XR2212 is shown here. XR2212 is a highly stable, monolithic PLL (phase locked loop) IC specifically designed…
MP3302 MP3302 is a boost converter IC specifically designed for LED drive applications. The MP3302 can drive 27 LEDs (9 strings of 3 white LEDs in series) from…
CAT3603. CAT3603 is a three channel charge pump LED driver IC from Catalyst Semiconductors that can be operated in either LDO mode or fractional mode. The IC can…
Amplifier is a circuit that is used for amplifying a signal. The input signal to an amplifier will be a current or voltage and the output will be…
12V battery level indicator circuit with LED bar /dot display LM3914. The heart of this circuit is the LM3914 from national semiconductors. The LM3914 can sense voltage…
Current amplifier and buffers. Buffer amplifier. Buffer amplifier is a circuit which transforms electrical impedance from one circuit to another. The main purpose of a buffer is to…
Transimpedance amplifier / current to voltage converter. The transimpedance amplifier is a circuit that converts current to a proportional voltage. It is also termed as current to voltage…
Differential amplifier In this post, differential amplifier using BJT and differential amplifier using op-amps are explained in detail. Please go through both of them to get a better…
Voltage comparator circuit. Voltage comparator is a circuit which compares two voltages and switches the output to either high or low state depending upon which voltage is higher.…
Controllability and Observability. Controllability and observability are two very important things related to state space analysis. There are many tests for checking controllability and obervability and these tests…
State space analysis. State space analysis is an excellent method for the design and analysis of control systems. The conventional and old method for the design and analysis…
Summing amplifier using opamp. Summing amplifier is a type operational amplifier circuit which can be used to sum signals. The sum of the input signal is amplified by…
Instrumentation amplifier using opamp Instrumentation amplifier is a kind of differential amplifier with additional input buffer stages. The addition of input buffer stages makes it easy to match…
Opamp inverting amplifier. An inverting amplifier using opamp is a type of amplifier using opamp where the output waveform will be phase opposite to the input waveform. The…
Integrator circuit. An integrator circuit is a circuit in which the input waveform. An integrator circuit based on opamp is shown in fig1. Such a circuit is also…
Class D amplifier. Class D amplifier is a type of amplifier where the power devices (MOSFET or transistor) are operated as switches. There will be only two states…